Kanemura, ShinyaMatsuda, KoichiOta, ToshihikoPetcov, Serguey T.Shindou, TetsuoTakasugi, Eiichi2007-05-152011-09-072007-05-152011-09-072007-05-15Eur. Phys. J. C 51 (2007) 927-931https://openscience.sissa.it/handle/1963/1968We study how to incorporate CP violation in the Froggatt--Nielsen (FN) mechanism. To this end, we introduce non-renormalizable interactions with a flavor democratic structure to the fermion mass generation sector. It is found that at least two iso-singlet scalar fields with imposed a discrete symmetry are necessary to generate CP violation due to the appearance of the relative phase between their vacuum expectation values.156262 bytesapplication/pdfen-USPreprint